Thermomechanically highly stressed materials play a major role in todays environmentally conscious and resource-saving mindset. Materials for extreme conditions allow the operating temperature of thermal engines to be raised in order to increase thermal efficiency or to increase the service-life of tools. In times of extreme material requirements, the focus is on identifying the relationships between the manufacturing route (casting, PM, AM, HIP), microstructure and properties that shape the materials perfomance under extreme conditions.